If you don't already have docker installed, you can download it here: https://www.docker.com/community-edition

Step 1. Pull the docker image

The below statement will download an Ubuntu image which contains the compiled software.

docker pull eosio/eos-dev:v1.3.0

Step 2. Create Network

Here we'll use docker's network command to create a network for nodeos and keosd to share.

docker network create eosdev

Step 3. Boot Containers

Nodeos (Core Daemon)

$ docker run \
  --name nodeos -d -p 8888:8888 \
  --network eosdev \
  -v /tmp/eosio/work:/work \
  -v /tmp/eosio/data:/mnt/dev/data \
  -v /tmp/eosio/config:/mnt/dev/config \
  eosio/eos-dev \
/bin/bash -c \
  "nodeos -e -p eosio \
    --plugin eosio::producer_plugin \
    --plugin eosio::history_plugin \
    --plugin eosio::chain_api_plugin \
    --plugin eosio::history_api_plugin \
    --plugin eosio::http_plugin \
    -d /mnt/dev/data \
    --config-dir /mnt/dev/config \
    --http-server-address=0.0.0.0:8888 \
    --access-control-allow-origin=* \
    --contracts-console \
    --http-validate-host=false"

These settings accomplish the following:

1. Forward port 8888
2. Connect to eosdev local network you created in previous step
3. Alias three volumes on your local drive to the docker container.
4. Run the Nodeos startup in bash. This command loads all the basic plugins, set the server address, enable CORS and add some contract debugging.
5. Mount some directories in /tmp on local machine, changes to these folders will persist in docker container. (for example, you'll want to place contracts in /tmp/eosio/work so you can upload contracts to your node.

Run Keosd (Wallet and Keystore)

docker run -d --name keosd --network=eosdev \
-i eosio/eos-dev /bin/bash -c "keosd --http-server-address=0.0.0.0:9876"

Step 4. Check your installation

Check that Nodeos is Producing Blocks

Run the following command

docker logs --tail 10 nodeos

You should see some output in the console that looks like this:

1929001ms thread-0   producer_plugin.cpp:585       block_production_loo ] Produced block 0000366974ce4e2a... #13929 @ 2018-05-23T16:32:09.000 signed by eosio [trxs: 0, lib: 13928, confirmed: 0]
1929502ms thread-0   producer_plugin.cpp:585       block_production_loo ] Produced block 0000366aea085023... #13930 @ 2018-05-23T16:32:09.500 signed by eosio [trxs: 0, lib: 13929, confirmed: 0]
1930002ms thread-0   producer_plugin.cpp:585       block_production_loo ] Produced block 0000366b7f074fdd... #13931 @ 2018-05-23T16:32:10.000 signed by eosio [trxs: 0, lib: 13930, confirmed: 0]
1930501ms thread-0   producer_plugin.cpp:585       block_production_loo ] Produced block 0000366cd8222adb... #13932 @ 2018-05-23T16:32:10.500 signed by eosio [trxs: 0, lib: 13931, confirmed: 0]
1931002ms thread-0   producer_plugin.cpp:585       block_production_loo ] Produced block 0000366d5c1ec38d... #13933 @ 2018-05-23T16:32:11.000 signed by eosio [trxs: 0, lib: 13932, confirmed: 0]
1931501ms thread-0   producer_plugin.cpp:585       block_production_loo ] Produced block 0000366e45c1f235... #13934 @ 2018-05-23T16:32:11.500 signed by eosio [trxs: 0, lib: 13933, confirmed: 0]
1932001ms thread-0   producer_plugin.cpp:585       block_production_loo ] Produced block 0000366f98adb324... #13935 @ 2018-05-23T16:32:12.000 signed by eosio [trxs: 0, lib: 13934, confirmed: 0]
1932501ms thread-0   producer_plugin.cpp:585       block_production_loo ] Produced block 00003670a0f01daa... #13936 @ 2018-05-23T16:32:12.500 signed by eosio [trxs: 0, lib: 13935, confirmed: 0]
1933001ms thread-0   producer_plugin.cpp:585       block_production_loo ] Produced block 00003671e8b36e1e... #13937 @ 2018-05-23T16:32:13.000 signed by eosio [trxs: 0, lib: 13936, confirmed: 0]
1933501ms thread-0   producer_plugin.cpp:585       block_production_loo ] Produced block 0000367257fe1623... #13938 @ 2018-05-23T16:32:13.500 signed by eosio [trxs: 0, lib: 13937, confirmed: 0]

Go ahead and exit that bash with ctrl-c or type exit and press enter.

Check the Wallet

Open nodeos shell

docker exec -it keosd bash

Run the following command

cleos --wallet-url http://127.0.0.1:9876 wallet list keys

If you see the message

Wallets:
[]

Now that we are certain keosd is running correctly, type exit and then press enter to leave the keosd shell. From this point forward, we won't need to enter the containers with bash, and you'll be executing commands from your local system (Linux or Mac)

Check Nodeos endpoints

This will check that the RPC API is working correctly, pick one.

1. Check the get_info endpoint provided by the chain_api_plugin in your browser: http://localhost:8888/v1/chain/get_info
2. Check the same thing, but in your console

curl http://localhost:8888/v1/chain/get_info

Step 5. Alias Cleos

We won't want to enter into the Docker container's bash every time we want to interact with Nodeos or Keosd. So let's go ahead and make cleos a bit easier to use.

Firstly, we need to find the IP address of keosd, by the following:

docker network inspect eosdev

You should see something like this below and be able to find the IP address of keosd:

[
    {
        "Name": "eosdev",
        "Id": "b24a6ae0b8a559212a1bf94cac77a17748cdb98970f4ff909d6084ef966ebf23",
        "Created": "2018-09-05T01:20:26.4181748Z",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": {},
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "172.18.0.0/16",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Ingress": false,
        "ConfigFrom": {
            "Network": ""
        },
        "ConfigOnly": false,
        "Containers": {
            "2b6d8421243f8b02d19caf84735f05118f90e35f35b0ba0a035bbb045c64d707": {
                "Name": "nodeos",
                "EndpointID": "164d47d6f79b4b7348154485a6c79d9762e66d5c70cfeb39af7c7e55e7d7369f",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
                "IPv4Address": "172.18.0.2/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            },
            "ffe5f373dffdf9b31b69394416cadb7e292aa8030c6b66bd03ec90d316387dad": {
                "Name": "keosd",
                "EndpointID": "ac8c6bf49ba698c226631b41d98cb49f7289ed37f369da74ab8dd62d3dd5fa76",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03",
                "IPv4Address": "172.18.0.3/16",
                "IPv6Address": ""
            }
        },
        "Options": {},
        "Labels": {}
    }
]

alias cleos='docker exec -it nodeos /opt/eosio/bin/cleos --url http://127.0.0.1:8888 --wallet-url http://[keosd_ip]:9876'

What this does is create an alias to cleos on your local system, and links that alias to a command that is executed inside the nodeos container. This is why the --url parameter is referencing localhost on port 8888, while the --wallet-url references keosd